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RISK FACTORS
A variety of factors can influence how great a risk teachers and students are taking when working with art materials. These factors include:

Amount of Exposure - The larger the amount of material employed, the greater the risk. For example, using a quart of paint thinner is much more hazardous than working with a half-cup.

Frequency of Exposure - How long and how often you work determines the total amount of a chemical that can possibly enter the body. There is a much greater risk from working with a chemical several hours daily than for ten minutes once a week.

Conditions of Exposure - The precautions taken when working with any given chemical will determine the degree to which it can cause bodily harm. Precautions such as adequate ventilation, good housekeeping, and personal protective equipment can reduce your risk of overexposure.

Toxicity - The more toxic a material is, the less it takes to cause body damage. While small amounts of highly toxic lead compounds can cause lead poisoning, it would take very large amounts of slightly toxic iron oxide to poison you.

Total Body Burden - The total body burden of a chemical is the total exposure to that chemical from all possible sources. For example, the total body burden of lead would be the total accumulation of lead in the body from car exhaust fumes, in drinking water coming though lead pipes, in food from the solder in tin cans, in addition to the amount coming from such art materials as lead white paint, lead-containing pottery glazes and copper enamels, lead came and solders for stained glass, etc.

Multiple Exposures - Frequently you are exposed to more than one chemical at a time. Additive damage to the body occurs as each chemical causes a certain degree of damage, with the total damage being the sum of each chemical's effect. An example of this additive effect would be lung damage from being exposed to both irritating nitrogen dioxide from nitric acid etching and to chlorine gas from Dutch Mordant, also used in etching. Sometimes, however, a more serious synergistic or multiplicative effect can occur when the damage from exposure to both chemicals is much greater than would be anticipated from the individual exposures. Many people know that this synergism can occur due to drinking alcoholic beverages while taking medications such as barbiturates. Other known examples of synergistic interactions are smoking and working with asbestos, and drinking and using carbon tetrachloride.

Air Purifiers USA
150 Pioneer Trail PMB 171
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